Diagnosis and check 2.7L (Discovery 3)

Diesel fuel manifold with common discharge pipe

The fuel injection system of the 2.7L engine has a common discharge pipeline and operates at high working pressures up to 1600 bar - typical for such systems.

Fuel control valve (FVCV) regulates the amount of fuel supplied to the high pressure fuel pump and the fuel pressure control valve (FPCV) regulates pressure.

Fuel under high pressure is supplied to the fuel manifold, where it is accumulated for the operation of the injectors.

Engine control module (ECM) controls piezoelectric type fuel injectors depending on input signals from sensors of the engine control system.

The fuel injectors work in stages, giving a pre-injection before the main injection to reduce knock noise and improve engine performance.

Further information can be found in the service station manual section 303-04 "Fuel supply and controls".

Inspection and verification

CAUTION: DO NOT perform any repairs on the fuel system while the engine is running. The fuel pressure in the system can reach 1600 bar. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Always wear eye protection when working on or near fuel related items. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

CAUTION: This procedure involves handling fuel. Be prepared for possible splashing of fuel and observe proper fuel handling precautions. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

CAUTION: After repair work is completed, the fuel system must be visually inspected for leaks. This should be done after the engine has been running, but with the engine off. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

WARNING: If swallowed, DO NOT induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

WARNING: If fuel gets in your eyes, rinse them with cold water or special eyewash solution and seek medical attention. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Wash hands thoroughly after handling as prolonged contact may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, seek medical attention. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.

CAUTION: Before disconnecting any element of the fuel system, be sure to remove all dust and dirt around the elements to prevent dirt from entering the fuel system. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

CAUTION: The fuel lines between the injectors and the fuel rail must be discarded after each use and new lines installed. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

ATTENTION: Therefore, absolute cleanliness must be observed when working with these elements. Open holes or lines must always be closed with plugs. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

CAUTION: Make sure that the workshop area where the vehicle is being serviced is clean and free of dust. Areas where clutches, brakes, welding or machining are carried out are not suitable for these purposes due to the risk of contamination of the fuel system. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

WARNING: All protective clothing used must be clean and made of lint-free fabric. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

WARNING: Protective gloves must be new and made of non-powder type latex. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

WARNING: Use only clean, non-plated tools. Tools should be cleaned before working on the vehicle with a new brush that does not shed bristles and fresh cleaning agent. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

CAUTION: Use a workbench with a steel top that should be covered with a clean, lint-free cloth. Failure to do so may result in vehicle damage.

NOTE: When measuring voltage or resistance, always use a digital multimeter (DMM) accurate to three decimal places and with a modern calibration certificate. When measuring resistance, always consider the resistance of the DMM wires.

1. Accurately identify the problem indicated by the customer.

2. Visually inspect for obvious mechanical and electrical problems.

Mechanical elements	Electrical elements
Fuel level Fuel contamination Fuel supply line (s) Fuel return line (s) Fuel supply line (s) high pressure Fuel tank filler line leak (And) fuel Fuel tank Fuel filler cap Fuel filter Push Fittings fuel rail High pressure fuel pump Exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR)	Glow plug warning lamp Inertial fuel cut-off switch (IFS) fuel pump module Sensor (And) Engine control module (ECM) Fuel control valve (FVCV) Fuel pressure control valve (FPCV) Fuel rail pressure sensor (FRP) Fuel temperature sensor Fuel burner (And) EGR system

3. If an obvious cause for a customer-specified or customer-reported issue is identified, correct the issue before proceeding to the next step (if possible).


4. Read all DTCs before referring to the symptom table or DTC index (DTC) using an approved diagnostic system or scan tool.

Clear all DTCs after troubleshooting.

Trouble symptom table

Symptom	Possible reasons	Action taken
Crankshaft turns but engine does not start	Inertial fuel switch Low/contaminated fuel Air intake Low pressure in the fuel system Fuel Pump Module Malfunction Clogged fuel filter FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated High pressure fuel pump malfunction crankshaft position sensor (CKP) ECM malfunction	Check if the inertial switch is activated. Check fuel level/condition. Check the fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check the operation of the fuel pump module. Check the fuel filter, FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. Check high pressure fuel pump. Crankshaft position sensor circuit checks are described in the appropriate section of the workshop manual. If module failure is suspected, refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual.
Difficulty starting	Glow plug system failure (very cold conditions) Low/contaminated fuel Fuel Pump Module Malfunction Air intake Low pressure in the fuel system Clogged fuel filter FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated Low pressure circuit malfunction Valve failure (ov) EGR	Check the electrical circuits of the glow plugs. Check fuel level/condition. Check fuel pump module operation, check fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check the fuel filter, FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. EGR valve checks are described in the appropriate section of the workshop manual.
Irregular idling	Air intake Low/contaminated fuel Low pressure in the fuel system Clogged fuel filter FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated Valve failure (ov) EGR	Check air intake system for leaks. Check fuel level/condition. Check the fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check the fuel filter, FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. EGR valve checks are described in the appropriate section of the workshop manual.
Loss of power on acceleration	Air intake system malfunction Clogged exhaust system Low fuel pressure Valve failure (ov) EGR Variable Geometry Turbocharger Drive Malfunction (VGT)	Check the air intake system. Check the exhaust system for leaks or blockages. If necessary, install new components and parts. Check the pressure in the fuel system. EGR valve and VGT actuator checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual.
Engine stops/stops	Air intake Low/contaminated fuel Low pressure in the fuel system Fuel leak in the high pressure system FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated Valve failure (ov) EGR	Check air intake system for leaks. Check fuel level/condition. Check the fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. Check the high pressure fuel system for leaks. EGR valve checks are described in the appropriate section of the workshop manual.
Engine jerking	Low/contaminated fuel Air intake Low pressure in the fuel system Clogged/contaminated fuel metering valve FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated Fuel leak in the high pressure system High pressure fuel pump malfunction	Check fuel level/condition. Check the fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. Check the high pressure fuel system for leaks. Check high pressure fuel pump. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
Excessive fuel consumption	Low pressure in the fuel system FVCV clogged/contaminated FPCV clogged/contaminated Leak in the fuel temperature sensor Fuel leak in the high pressure system Injector failure (OK) Valve failure (ov) EGR	Check the fuel system low pressure circuit for leaks/damage. Check FVCV and FPCV for blockage or contamination. Check the fuel temperature sensor, high pressure fuel pump, etc. for leaks Check for injector related DTCs. EGR valve checks are described in the appropriate section of the workshop manual.

DTC index

NOTE: Universal Scan Tools may not read the listed codes or may only read 5-digit codes. Match the 5 digits from the scan tool with the first 5 digits of the listed 7 digit code to identify the problem (the last 2 digits give additional information read by the approved diagnostic system).

NOTE: See Section 303-14 for a complete list of ECM DTCs "Electronic engine management system" in the workshop manual.

Reboot by turning the ignition off and on

There are links to "reboot by turning the ignition off and on" in the DTC index. This is the case when the module should be reconfigured by a full power cycle.

DTC	State	Possible reasons	Action taken
P000100	Rupture of an electric chain of management of a regulator of giving of fuel	Fuel Control Valve Circuit (VCV): high resistance VCV valve circuit open VCV valve failure	NOTE: An open circuit will render the engine unable to operate. Refer to electrical manuals and check fuel control valve and circuits. Check the valve resistance and install a new high pressure fuel pump if the resistance is not in the range of 1.5 - 15 ohms (fuel control valve cannot be serviced separately). Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual.
P000200	Fuel Quantity Control Electrical Range/Performance Problems	Fuel Control Valve Circuit (VCV): high resistance VCV circuit short circuit to ground VCV circuit short circuit to voltage VCV valve failure	NOTE: An open circuit will render the engine unable to operate. Refer to electrical manuals and check fuel control valve and circuits. Check the valve resistance and install a new high pressure fuel pump if the resistance is not in the range of 1.5 - 15 ohms (fuel control valve cannot be serviced separately). Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual.
P000300	Low voltage in the fuel regulator control circuit	Fuel Control Valve Circuit (VCV): high resistance VCV circuit short circuit to ground VCV valve failure ECM malfunction	NOTE: An open circuit will render the engine unable to operate. Refer to electrical manuals and check fuel control valve and circuits. Check the valve resistance and install a new high pressure fuel pump if the resistance is not in the range of 1.5 - 15 ohms (fuel control valve cannot be serviced separately). Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual.
P000400	High voltage in the fuel quantity regulator control circuit	Fuel Control Valve Circuit (VCV): short circuit to battery + VCV valve failure ECM malfunction	Refer to electrical manuals and check fuel control valve and circuits. Check the valve resistance and install a new high pressure fuel pump if the resistance is not in the range of 1.5 - 15 ohms (fuel control valve cannot be serviced separately). Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual.
P008700	Too low pressure in the fuel manifold / system	Fuel rail pressure sensor (FRP) disconnected Signal circuit from FRP sensor to ECM - short circuit to ground FRP Sensor Power Circuit High Resistance FRP Sensor Malfunction Fuel line leak Reducing the capacity of the fuel line Fuel pump module circuit high resistance Fuel Pump Module Circuit Short to Ground Fuel Pump Module Malfunction Fuel control valve malfunction Pressure control valve failure	Refer to the electrical manual and check the fuel rail pressure sensor circuits. Fuel rail pressure sensor checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual. Check fuel system low pressure lines for leaks/damage. Check the pressure in the fuel system. Check the circuits and operation of the low pressure fuel pump module. Check fuel manifold and high pressure fuel line for leaks. Check for VCV and PCV DTCs and repair if necessary.
P008800	Too high pressure in the fuel manifold / system	Wiring from fuel rail pressure sensor (FRP) to ECM (power/readout): short circuit to each other Signal circuit between FRP sensor and ECM short circuit to battery FRP Sensor Malfunction Fuel pressure valve malfunction (FPCV) Fuel pump module circuit short to voltage Fuel Pump Module Malfunction	Check the electrical circuits of the FRP sensor. Refer to the electrical manual. Fuel rail pressure sensor checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual. Check fuel lines, fuel pressure, fuel pump module electrical circuits.
P009000	Rupture of an electric chain of management of a regulator of pressure of fuel 1	Fuel Pressure Control Valve Circuit (PCV): high resistance FPCV circuit short circuit to ground PCV valve failure	Check fuel pressure control valve and electrical circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. Check the resistance of the fuel pressure control valve. If the resistance is not in the range of 0 - 5.4 ohms, install a new high pressure fuel pump (fuel pressure control valve cannot be serviced separately). Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P009100	Low voltage in the fuel pressure regulator control circuit 1	Fuel Pressure Control Valve Circuit (ROWE): high resistance PCV circuit short circuit to ground PCV valve failure	Check fuel pressure control valve and electrical circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. Check the resistance of the fuel pressure control valve. If the resistance is not in the range of 0 - 5.4 ohms, install a new high pressure fuel pump (fuel pressure control valve cannot be serviced separately). Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P009200	High voltage in the fuel pressure regulator control circuit 1	Fuel Pressure Control Valve Circuit (ROWE): short circuit to battery + PCV valve failure	Check fuel pressure control valve and electrical circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. Check the resistance of the fuel pressure control valve. If the resistance is not in the range of 0 - 5.4 ohms, install a new high pressure fuel pump (fuel pressure control valve cannot be serviced separately). Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If there is any doubt about the health of the high pressure pump, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures Manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P018100	Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Fuel temperature sensor circuit high resistance Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Ground Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Battery Fuel Temperature Sensor Malfunction	Check circuits and fuel temperature sensor. Refer to electrical manuals. Check the fuel temperature using the data logging function. Make sure the fuel temperature is below 30°C. Start the engine and let it warm up for 10 minutes. Check fuel temperature again. If at this point the value has not increased by more than 8°C, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P018200	Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit A Low Voltage Input	Fuel temperature sensor circuit high resistance Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Ground Fuel Temperature Sensor Malfunction	Check circuits and fuel temperature sensor. Refer to electrical manuals. Check the fuel temperature using the data logging function. Make sure the fuel temperature is below 30°C. Start the engine and let it warm up for 10 minutes. Check fuel temperature again. If at this point the value has not increased by more than 8°C, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P018300	Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit A High Input Voltage	Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Battery Fuel Temperature Sensor Malfunction	Check circuits and fuel temperature sensor. Refer to the electrical manual. Check the fuel temperature using the data logging function. Make sure the fuel temperature is below 30°C. Start the engine and let it warm up for 10 minutes. Check fuel temperature again. If at this point the value has not increased by more than 8°C, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P018400	Intermittent signal in the electrical circuit of the fuel temperature sensor A	Fuel temperature sensor circuit high resistance Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Ground Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Short to Battery Fuel Temperature Sensor Malfunction	Check circuits and fuel temperature sensor. Refer to the electrical manual. Check the fuel temperature using the data logging function. Make sure the fuel temperature is below 30°C. Start the engine and let it warm up for 10 minutes. Check fuel temperature again. If at this point the value has not increased by more than 8°C, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P019100	Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Air in fuel system, unable to maintain proper fuel pressure at start up.	NOTE: If code P229000 is also set, troubleshoot that code first. Check fuel level and condition, and correct low pressure fuel line connections (improperly connected lines to and from the fuel filter can cause severe fuel pressure fluctuations). Check the fuel system including all lines and components for leaks/air ingress. Bleed the fuel system. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P019200	Low voltage in the electrical circuit of the sensor A pressure in the fuel manifold	Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit (FRP): high resistance FRP sensor circuit short circuit to ground FRP Sensor Malfunction	Check FRP sensor and electrical circuits. Refer to electrical manuals. Start the engine and let it idle. Check the fuel pressure using the data logging function. If the pressure is 0 MPa, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P019300	High voltage in the electrical circuit of the pressure sensor A in the fuel manifold	Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit (FRP): short circuit to battery + FRP Sensor Malfunction	Check FRP sensor and electrical circuits. Refer to electrical manuals. Start the engine and let it idle. Check the fuel pressure using the data logging function. If the pressure is more than 180 MPa, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P019400	Intermittent / chaotic signal in the electrical circuit of the sensor A pressure in the fuel rail	Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit (FRP): high resistance FRP sensor circuit short circuit to ground FRP sensor circuit short circuit to voltage FRP Sensor Malfunction	Check FRP sensor and electrical circuits. Refer to electrical manuals. Start the engine and let it idle. Check the fuel pressure using the data logging function. Increase the engine speed to 2,000 rpm and check the fuel pressure again. If the pressure has changed by more than 40 MPa in 10 ms, install a new sensor. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020100	Cylinder 1 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to electrical manuals. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020200	Cylinder 2 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020300	Cylinder 3 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020400	Cylinder 4 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020500	Cylinder 5 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020600	Cylinder 6 injector open circuit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020A00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 1	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020B00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 2	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020C00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 3	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020D00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 4	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020E00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 5	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P020F00	Injection advance in cylinder No. 6	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector malfunction	When performing the following, clear the DTCs and recheck after each item. Turn the ignition off and wait 20 seconds before turning the ignition back on to recheck for DTCs. Check connections. Disconnect the injector and check the injector resistance and capacitance. If the resistance is not in the range of 180 - 220 kΩ, or the capacitance is less than 3 microfarads, install a new injector. If the injector performance is normal, test the injector circuits for a short to ground, a short to battery, and high resistance. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair/replace as needed. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation.
P029A00	Cylinder #1 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder: Leak at injector-cylinder contact, Leak at glow plug-cylinder contact, Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P029B00	Cylinder #1 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder: Leak at injector-cylinder contact, Leak at glow plug-cylinder contact, Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P029E00	Cylinder #2 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder: Leak at injector-cylinder contact, Leak at glow plug-cylinder contact, Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P029F00	Cylinder #2 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02A200	Cylinder #3 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Let the engine warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02A300	Cylinder #3 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02A600	Cylinder #4 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Let the engine warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02A700	Cylinder #4 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Let the engine warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02AA00	Cylinder #5 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02AB00	Cylinder #5 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02AE00	Cylinder #6 - Maximum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Let the engine warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P02AF00	Cylinder #6 - Minimum Fuel Trim Limit	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Nozzle leakage Low compression in cylinder Leak at injector/cylinder contact Leak at glow plug/cylinder contact Mechanical failure, valve, piston/ring, etc. Injector failure	Check the injector circuit according to the electrical manual. Check the nozzle and surrounding area for signs of fuel leakage. Disconnect the injector and check it for signs of fuel leakage at the connector. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs. Connect the injector and start the engine. Let the engine warm up above 60°C and idle (cylinder balance diagnosis is now active). If the DTC reappears, check the cylinder for leaks and repair. Clear the DTCs and recheck. Perform a compression test only if the DTC reappears. If all of the above checks are within the specified range, install a new injector.
P062D00	Problems in the operation of the electric circuit for injector activation, bank 1	Nozzle (And) disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure ECM malfunction	Refer to electrical manual and check injector circuits. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If module failure is suspected, refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual.
P062D01	Fuel Injector Control Circuit Parameters Bank 1	Short circuit in the injector (nozzles) Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure ECM malfunction	If there is a startup error condition, check the injector circuits for a short circuit. For erratic operation, check for intermittent open circuits or high resistance in the injector circuits. If no wiring faults are found, use the recommended diagnostic equipment to run injector overflow tests. Follow the recommended actions based on the results of the overflow test.
P062E00	Problems in the operation of the electric circuit for injector activation, bank 2	Nozzle (And) disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure ECM malfunction	Refer to electrical manual and check injector circuits. Repair if necessary. Clear DTCs and check for correct operation. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If module failure is suspected, refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual.
P062E01	Fuel Injector Control Circuit Parameters Bank 2	Short circuit in the injector (nozzles) Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure ECM malfunction	If there is a startup error condition, check the injector circuits for a short circuit. For erratic operation, check for intermittent open circuits or high resistance in the injector circuits. If no wiring faults are found, use the recommended diagnostic equipment to run injector overflow tests. Follow the recommended actions based on the results of the overflow test.
P120000	Operating range / characteristics of the nozzle	Injector circuit: high resistance Injector circuit short circuit to ground Injector circuit short circuit to + battery Fuel injector leak Fuel injector malfunction ECM malfunction	Refer to electrical manual and check injector circuits. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual. If module failure is suspected, refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual.
P155100	Cylinder #1 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P155200	Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P155300	Cylinder #3 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P155400	Cylinder #4 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P155400	Cylinder #5 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P155600	Cylinder #6 Injector Circuit Range/Performance Problems	Nozzle disconnected Injector circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Injector failure	Check the electrical circuits of the injectors. Refer to the electrical manual. Repair if necessary. Refer to the relevant section in the workshop manual.
P156300	Engine stop request from high pressure fuel pump control module	Monitoring characteristics of the internal control module	Clear DTCs. Turn the ignition on/off to reset by turning the ignition off and on, and recheck. If DTCs are generated again when the module is suspected, refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual.
P226900	The presence of water in the fuel	The presence of water in the fuel Water in Fuel Sensor Circuit Short to Ground Malfunction of the gauge of presence of water in fuel	Drain the condensate from the fuel filter. Clear the DTCs and recheck. If the DTC resets, check the sensor circuit. Refer to the electrical manual. If no faults were found in the electrical circuits, install a new sensor.
P228800	Injector control pressure too high	Fuel pressure control valve minimum limit reached (FPCV) Nozzle control pressure too high FPCV Electrical Circuit Malfunction FPCV failure Fuel pump module circuit short to voltage Fuel Pump Module Malfunction High pressure fuel pump malfunction	Check the fuel pressure, see the relevant section of the workshop manual. Check the fuel pump module and FPCV circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. High pressure fuel pump and FPCV checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual.
P229000	Injector control pressure too low	Maximum limit of fuel pressure control valve reached (FPCV) Nozzle control pressure too low Fuel line leak Reducing the capacity of the fuel filter / fuel system FPCV Electrical Circuit Malfunction FPCV failure Fuel Pump Module Circuit Short to Ground Fuel Pump Module Malfunction High pressure fuel pump malfunction	Check the fuel pressure, see the relevant section of the workshop manual. Check the fuel pump module and FPCV circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. High pressure fuel pump and FPCV checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual.
P229200	Injector control pressure fluctuations	Injector control pressure fluctuations FPCV Electrical Circuit Malfunction FPCV failure Fuel pump module circuit high resistance, short circuit to ground, short circuit to power Fuel Pump Module Malfunction High pressure fuel pump malfunction	Check the fuel pressure, see the relevant section of the workshop manual. Check the fuel pump module and FPCV circuits. Refer to the electrical manual. High pressure fuel pump and FPCV checks are described in the relevant section of the workshop manual.